大坝健康监测(Dam Health Monitoring, DHM)模型提供了大坝响应的估计值,如坝顶位移、混凝土应力等,能够得到大坝安全的性态并进行监控和预警,对大坝智慧化管理十分重要。文章详细介绍了DHM模型的实现流程和基本框架,深入阐述了确定性模型3种实现方法,即有限元法、有限差分法和离散元法的发展现状以及主要存在的问题,以期为大坝管理人员提供最新的基础性研究成果。
This paper reviews differences between the deterministic(sharp and diffuse)and statistical models of the interphase region between the two-phases.In the literature this region is usually referred to as the(macroscopic)interface.Therein,the mesoscopic interface that is defined at the molecular level and agitated by the thermal fluctuations is found with nonzero probability.For this reason,in this work,the interphase region is called the mesoscopic intermittency/transition region.To this purpose,the first part of the present work gives the rationale for introduction of the mesoscopic intermittency region statistical model.It is argued that classical(deterministic)sharp and diffuse models do not explain the experimental and numerical results presented in the literature.Afterwards,it is elucidated that a statistical model of the mesoscopic intermittency region(SMIR)combines existing sharp and diffuse models into a single coherent framework and explains published experimental and numerical results.In the second part of the present paper,the SMIR is used for the first time to predict equilibrium and nonequilibrium two-phase flow in the numerical simulation.To this goal,a two-dimensional rising gas bubble is studied;obtained numerical results are used as a basis to discuss differences between the deterministic and statistical models showing the statistical description has a potential to account for the physical phenomena not previously considered in the computer simulations.
