Mineral processing is a method to treat raw ore by gravity separation, magnetic separation and flotation to obtain qualified grade concentrate. In different stages of mineral processing, it is usually necessary to add a variety of reagents to realize the rapid separation of minerals and improve the separation concentration. Therefore, the rational use of chemicals directly determines the efficiency and economy of mineral separation. At present, there are many kinds of chemicals used in mineral separation, which are quite different from each other. Once used incorrectly, it will lead to serious accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the types and mechanisms of chemicals commonly used in different stages of mineral processing, which can help relevant personnel to quickly understand the types and usage of chemicals, and has great guiding significance for improving the efficiency and economy of mineral processing.