Determining the predictors of screen media use will assist nurses and clinicians to identify the children that are in most need for intervention. There is limited literature regarding the predictors of screen media use among children. This study aimed to examine the association between selected predictors and screen media use among children aged 3 - 13. The findings of this study are based on 192 children aged 3 - 13 and their caregivers recruited from Facebook and WhatsApp groups. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. The participants filled a demographic questionnaire and the Problematic Media Use Measure Short Form to obtain data about parents’ and children characteristics, screen time and problematic use of media. The screen time for 83% of the children was more than two hours. Mobile ownership (beta (β) = 0.22) and conflict about mobile use (beta (β) = 0.16) have significantly predicted the child total screen time. Child age (beta (β) = 0.17) and conflict about mobile use (beta (β) = −0.33) have significantly predicted the problematic use of media. Most children in the current study exceeded the recommended screen time. There is an urgent need to implement interventions that mitigate children’s excessive use of media.
Doa’a Abdullah DwairejEqbal Mohammad AlfarajatLubna Abdullah Dwairej
Objective: To assess the predictors of successful inactivation of benign thyroid nodules using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and the hormonal responses thereafter. Methods: A retrospective study conducted at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (January 2022 to January 2024) analysed thyroid tumor characteristics using B-mode ultrasound, colour Doppler imaging, and CEUS post-RFA. Thyroid hormone levels were also assessed before RFA and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure. Results: The study involved 72 patients with benign thyroid nodules, comprising 13 males and 59 females, with a mean age of 45.8 ± 12.1 years. Complete inactivation was achieved in 70.8% of nodules, while 29.2% showed partial inactivation. Nodules with complete inactivation exhibited more calcification (p = 0.040), whereas those with partial inactivation demonstrated higher vascularity (p Conclusion: In conclusion, this study found that therapeutic RFA effectively achieves high rates of complete inactivation in benign thyroid nodules, with the degree of inactivation mainly influenced by nodule vascularity and calcifications.
Background: Acute Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, with two main types: ALL and AML. In Tanzania, recent improvements in treatment and survival have been noted, but the latest data is from 2013. This study will update survival and relapse information from 2013 to 2020 to help enhance future treatment strategies. Methodology: This study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Tanzania. The study analyzed data from children diagnosed with Acute Leukemia between January 2015 to December 2020. Patient data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using STATA software. Results: This study included a total of 95 participants 64 had age less than 10 years and majority were males 56.8%, 55 had duration of symptoms for more than 1 month 66 had ALL, 49 had attained remission, the overall three years survival was 44.2% with those children with no health insurance having high risk of dying, rate of relapse was 18.4%, with those diagnosed with B-ALL having low risk of relapse. Conclusion: This study provides insights into survival and relapse predictors for childhood leukemia in northern Tanzania. It found an overall survival rate of 44.2%, with health insurance and minimal residual disease after induction being key predictors of survival. The relapse rate was 18.4%, with health insurance linked to a lower relapse risk. Health insurance emerged as a strong predictor of better survival, leading to the recommendation that all children should have health insurance. Additionally, the study suggests that policymakers should support the expansion of global health coverage in Tanzania.
Arnold LikiliwikeYotham GwanikaHeronima JoasAisa ShayoLinda KissilaEsther Majaliwa
Background: Undergoing ultrasound scanning (USS) during the first trimester of pregnancy is highly imperative for expecting mothers, as it supports the early detection of any malformations, identifying the fetal number, fetal growth, fetal sex, and calculation of delivery. Previous studies have shown that undergoing such prenatal screening procedures could reduce the antenatal anxiety levels of expectant mothers. The present study aimed to explore the impact of first-trimester ultrasound scanning towards the antenatal anxiety and identify the predictors of antenatal anxiety among expectant mothers in the first trimester. Methods: A repeated measure design study was conducted in Maternity Clinics of University Hospital KDU, Ninewells Care Hospital and Navy General Hospital over 4 months with one hundred and fifteen (n = 115) expectant mothers. Participants completed a general information sheet first and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Spielberger et al., 1970) was administered before and after undergoing the USS. Results: Mean age of the participants was 28.84 ± 3.68. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test showed that there is a significant reduction of participants’ antenatal anxiety levels following the USS z = −5.658, p Conclusions: Findings suggest that undergoing the first trimester USS significantly reduces the antenatal state anxiety and partner’s support is an important factor in reducing the antenatal anxiety experienced by expectant mothers in the first trimester. Future studies can focus on how USS can contribute to alleviating antenatal anxiety in second and third trimesters.
Navodya WeerasingheOshadee Kaushalya De SilvaSenapathige Nilan Kalidasa Rodrigo
BACKGROUND Various prognostic scores have been developed to predict mortality and response to steroids in alcoholic hepatitis(AH).We aimed to further validate and compare these scores,particularly pre-day 7 Lille scores,in addition to identifying reliable predictors of complications and mortality such as renal dysfunction and nutritional status.AIM To identify predictors of complications and mortality in AH,particularly focusing on demographics,renal involvement,underlying liver disease,and nutrition.METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to a large urban tertiary care center with AH from 2020 to 2022.Receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve analysis was conducted to compare established prognostic scores with Lille scores from day 3 to day 7(LM3-7).Logistic regression equations were conducted to identify predictor variables.RESULTS Severe AH(SAH)as defined by Maddrey’s discriminant function≥32 was diagnosed in 150 out of 425 patients with AH.LM3-7 had 28-day mortality rates in the responder group of 7%-11%,while in the non-responder group,mortality rates were approximately 38%-42%.LM3-7 had 90-day mortality rates in the responder group of 12%to 17%,while in the non-responder group,mortality rates were 48%-53%.Furthermore,all LM3-7 scores showed comparable efficacy in predicting mortality using ROC curve analysis;Area under ROC ranged from 0.771 to 0.802 for 28-day mortality and 0.743 to 0.809 for 90-day mortality.Regarding complications and mortality in AH,significant predictors included poor nutritional status,underlying cirrhosis,and acute renal dysfunction.CONCLUSION LM3-6 is as accurate as LM7 in predicting corticosteroid efficacy for 28-day and 90-day mortality in patients with SAH.Holding glucocorticoids early during the disease course can prevent unnecessary complications.
Kevin YangNaren NallapetaNariman Hossein-JavaheriAlexander CarlsonBrian QuigleyThomas Mahl
BACKGROUND The use of biomarkers,such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the neutrophil-to-platelet ratio(NPR),has shown promise in evaluating early outcomes after medical,interventional,and surgical treatments.NLR has emer-ged as an indicator of systemic inflammation and physiological stress.NPR has emerged as a potential indicator of inflammation and thrombotic risk in the context of surgical and radiological procedures.AIM To analyze the correlation of NLR and NPR with the development of post-liver transplantation(LT)early complications after stratification for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis.METHODS Consecutive patients undergone LT between January 2019 and December 2023 were enrolled.Data regarding the concentration of hemoglobin and the differ-ential leukocyte count on postoperative days(POD)0,1,3,and 5 were collected.RESULTS The dataset included 161 consecutive patients undergone LT.Clavien-Dindo IV-V complications had a good correlation with NLR POD 1(P=0.05),NLR POD 3(P<0.001),NLR POD 7(P<0.001),NPR POD 3(P<0.001).In addition,the NPR ratio on POD 3 correlated with the onset of 30-day hemorrhage(P=0.009).Finally,30-day mortality had a significant association with the NLR POD 1(P=0.03)and with NLR POD 7(P=0.004),while NPR had a significant correlation with 30-day mortality in NPR POD 7(P=0.004).CONCLUSION The analysis of NLR and NPR are strictly correlated with Clavien-Dindo IV-V complications and 30-day post-LT death.
Marco Maria PascaleFrancesco FrongilloPierangelo VastaGiuseppe MassimianiErida NureSalvatore Agnes
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated that triglyceride glucose(TyG)-waist height ratio(WHtR)and TyG-waist circumference(TyG-WC)are effective indicators for evaluating insulin resistance.However,research on the association in TyG-WHtR,TyG-WC,and the risk and prognosis of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)cases are limited.AIM To clarify the relation in TyG-WHtR,TyG-WC,and the risk of MACEs and overall mortality in T2DM patients.METHODS Information for this investigation was obtained from Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes(ACCORD)/ACCORD Follow-On(ACCORDION)study database.The Cox regression model was applied to assess the relation among TyG-WHtR,TyG-WC and future MACEs risk and overall mortality in T2DM cases.The RCS analysis was utilized to explore the nonlinear correlation.Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to prove the robustness.The receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to analysis the additional predicting value of TyG-WHtR and TyG-WC.RESULTS After full adjustment for confounding variables,the highest baseline TyG-WHtR cohort respectively exhibited a 1.353-fold and 1.420-fold higher risk for MACEs and overall mortality,than the lowest quartile group.Similarly,the highest baseline TyG-WC cohort showed a 1.314-fold and 1.480-fold higher risk for MACEs and overall mortality,respectively.Each 1 SD increase in TyG-WHtR was significantly related to an 11.7%increase in MACEs and a 14.9%enhance in overall mortality.Each 1 SD increase in TyG-WC corresponded to an 11.5%in MACEs and a 16.6%increase in overall mortality.Including these two indexes in conventional models significantly improved the predictive power for MACEs and overall mortality.CONCLUSION TyG-WHtR and TyG-WC were promising predictors of MACEs and overall mortality risk in T2DM cases.
Mao-Jun LiuJun-Yu PeiCheng ZengYing XingYi-Feng ZhangPei-Qi TangSi-Min DengXin-Qun Hu
对脓毒症并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的危险因素和预测指标进行Meta分析,通过计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、SinoMed、PubMed、EMBASE、Web of science和Cochrane library数据库关于脓毒症并发ARDS的相关文献,检索时间为2016年1月1日至2024年8月15日,英文主题检索词为Sepsis、Acute respiratory distress syndrome、Risk factors、Prevalence、Incidence、Mortality、Biomarkers等,采用Stata SE 15.1软件进行统计分析,共收集到35篇文献,涉及脓毒症并发ARDS患者3715人。结果显示:脓毒症并发ARDS的发病率为28.8%。在危险因素分析中发现,年龄、吸烟史、肺部感染、合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、胰腺炎、休克、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血清乳酸以及血清HMGB1均与脓毒症并发ARDS的发生显著相关。在预测指标方面,APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、C反应蛋白(CRP)及PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)显示出显著的预测效能。综合表明:脓毒症并发ARDS发病率较高,多种危险因素均可增加该病的发生风险。
