Air pollution is a significant risk factor contributing to the burden of disease in China.Health risk assessment and management are important to reduce the impact of air pollution on public health.To help formulate standardized health risk assessment techniques,a series of studies were conducted from 2006 to 2019.Through systematic review,study of molecular mechanisms,epidemiological investigation,and health effect monitoring,the overall project established a monitoring and evaluation indicator system,a comprehensive information platform,software for automatic data cleaning,and standardized health risk assessment techniques.Technical specifications have been issued by the National Health Commission for promoting health risk assessments across China.This paper introduces the project,the research approach,its main research accomplishments,innovations,and public health significance,and describes directions for further research.
目的检测经不同浓度气态甲醛暴露后所致小鼠脑细胞的遗传损伤。方法用不同剂量气态甲醛(0.5,1.0和3.0 m g/m3)对小鼠进行连续动态染毒处理72 h,利用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(又称彗星实验)检测脑细胞的DNA损伤。结果吸入浓度为0.5和1.0 m g/m3的甲醛后,可造成脑细胞DNA的严重断裂,而3.0 m g/m3的甲醛则引起显著的交联作用。结论气态甲醛可造成脑细胞DNA的断裂和交联。
目的研究小鼠吸入气态甲醛后,甲醛对小鼠的脑、肾组织蛋白造成氧化损伤和脂质的过氧化及其发生机制。方法用不同剂量的气态甲醛对小鼠进行连续动态染毒处理72 h,用2,4-二硝基苯肼比色法测定小鼠脑、肾组织蛋白质的羰基含量,以判断蛋白质的氧化损伤程度;用M DA(丙二醛)试剂盒测定组织中M DA含量,来判断脂质的过氧化程度。结果只有吸入3.0 m g/m3的气态甲醛时,才会对脑、肾组织中的蛋白质造成明显的氧化损伤;而在0.5 m g/m3时,脑组织中脂质的过氧化比肾组织中显著。结论0.5 m g/m3的气态甲醛不造成蛋白质氧化损伤,而对脑组织中脂质的过氧化作用却很显著,可见0.5 m g/m3甲醛对生物体存在着直接的神经毒性;3.0 m g/m3的气态甲醛对脑、肾组织中的蛋白质和脂质会造成明显的氧化损伤,且肾组织比脑组织敏感。
