A new monotypic genus in the Boletaceae,Borofutus,typified by B.dhakanus,is described using morphological and molecular evidence.This is a putatively ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with Shorea robusta.Borofutus is characterized by the combination of the following characters:basidiomata small to medium-sized;pileus grayish brown to cocoa brown;hymenophore subdecurrent,cream then golden brown,with broad,nearly hexagonal pores;basidiospores purple to purplish red in H2O,ornamented with irregular to regular shallow pits;cystidia lageniform,thick-walled.Borofutus is sister to Spongiforma in molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA nucleotide sequences of single or multiple loci.A description,line drawings,phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa are presented herein.
Md.Iqbal HosenBang FengGang WuXue Tai ZhuYan Chun LiZhu L.Yang
The coexistence of ecologically similar species sharing sympatric areas is a central issue of community ecology. Niche differentiation is required at least in one dimension to avoid competitive exclusion. From 2012-2014, by adopting the methods of mist-nets and point counts to evaluate spatial niche partitioning and morphological differentiations, we explored the coexistence mechanisms of seven sympatric fulvettas in Ailao Mountains, Ejia town, Yunnan Province, China. The microhabitats of these seven fulvettas were significantly different in elevation, roost site height and vegetation coverage, indicating a spatial niche segregation in different levels. Approximately, 90.30% of the samples were correctly classified by linear discriminant analysis(LDA) with correct rates at 91.20%-100%, except the White-browed fulvetta(Alcippe vinipectus)(65.4%) and the Streak-throated fulvetta(A. cinereiceps)(74.6%). The seven fulvettas were classified into four guilds based on their specific morphological characters, suggesting that the species in each guild use their unique feeding ways to realize resource partitioning in the overlapped areas. These finding indicate that through multi-dimensional spatial niche segregation and divergence in resource utilizing, the interspecific competition among these seven fulvettas is minimized, whereas, coexistence is promoted.
Ji XIAFei WUWan-Zhao HUJian-Ling FANGXiao-Jun YANG
