准比例谐振(quasi-proportion resonant,Quasi-PR)控制器可克服传统比例谐振(proportion resonant,PR)控制器带宽窄、抗频率偏移能力差的缺点,基于此提出了基于三单相Quasi-PR控制的中点箝位式(neutral point clamped,NPC)三电平光伏并网逆变器控制策略。Quasi-PR控制器继承了传统PR控制器的优点,避免了矢量控制策略中复杂的坐标变换、解耦控制和前馈补偿等,简化了控制算法。同时当电网频率发生偏移时,Quasi-PR控制器仍能实现对交流电流的无静差跟踪。此外,为减少电网不平衡时产生的较大谐波电流含量,设计了基于Quasi-PR控制的分次谐波补偿器。仿真结果表明了所提控制策略的有效性。
Internal solvation of protein was studied by site-directed mutagenesis,with which an intrinsically fluorescent probe,tryptophan,is inserted into the desired position inside a protein molecule for ultrafast spectroscopic study.Here we review this unique method for protein dynamics research.We first introduce the frontiers of protein solvation,site-directed mutagenesis,protein stability and characteristics,and the spectroscopic methods.Then we present time-resolved spectroscopic dynamics of solvation dynamics inside cavities of active sites.The studies are carried out on a globular protein,staphylococcal nuclease.The solvation at sites inside the protein molecule’s cavities clearly reveals characteristics of the local environment.These solvation behaviors are directly correlated to enzyme activity.
