对于具有较低导热系数和较高生热率的热源材料(自发热体),通过优化植入内部的高导热材料的布局以降低内部温度,是实现自发热体冷却的重要措施.如何设计自发热体内部高导热材料的布局,是实现热源内部热量高效收集和温度控制的关键问题.本文研究建立植入式导热路径的拓扑优化设计方法,考虑高导热材料的植入对于热源分布的影响,以实现自发热体冷却的内置导热路径最优设计.基于固体各向同性材料惩罚模型(solid isotropic material with penalization,SIMP)拓扑描述方法,以高导热材料的相对密度为导热路径描述参数,分别选择合适的热传导系数和生热率的插值模型以建立热传导系数和生热率与相对密度的关系,并以结构散热弱度最小为目标,建立了植入式导热路径设计的拓扑优化数学模型和求解方法.该优化模型能够反映高导热材料的布局对热源布局的影响.通过具体算例,给出了贴片式散热路径与植入式散热路径的拓扑优化结果.设计结构表明,两种优化模型获得的最优散热构型存在较大不同,并且考虑植入高导热材料对热源布局影响的设计结果散热性能优于贴片式散热路径的设计结果.数值算例验证了本文所提出方法的正确性和有效性.
为了优化压缩机的制冷量、功率、噪音和寿命,以研究无升程限制器的吸气阀运动规律为目标,确立数值模拟和物理试验相互佐证寻求最佳阀片结构的基本思路.将制冷剂的流动场和阀组构成的结构场耦合起来模拟阀片的运动,利用ADINA流固耦合模块(fluid-structure interaction,FSI),基于流体质量、动量、热量守恒定律和平板振动模型,得到了吸气过程中的阀片位移、缸内压力、吸气速度及阀片与阀座接触力的时程变化曲线.分析了阀片设计参数对其动态响应的影响,发现减小厚度可以优化压缩机性能,根据最大有效流通面积准则,得到了WS75YV型号压缩机的吸气阀最小即最优厚度.欧拉坐标系下制冷剂的速度分布及气缸内温度随时间的变化过程的模拟结果表明,压缩机吸气过程存在过热现象.采用第二制冷剂量热计法测量压缩机的制冷量、电机功率和其比值(coefficient of performance,COP),对比压缩机性能的理论和模拟计算值,证明流固耦合模拟方法可行,基于此对压缩机进行设计和优化是可靠的.
In this paper, the S-frames, the front side rail structures of automobile, were investigated for crashworthiness. Various cross-sections including regular polygon, nonconvex polygon and multi-cell with inner stiffener sections were investigated in terms of energy absorption of S-frames.It was determined through extensive numerical simulation that a multi-cell S-frame with double vertical internal stiffeners can absorb more energy than the other configurations.Shape optimization was also carried out to improve energy absorption of the S-frame with a rectangular section. The center composite design of experiment and the sequential response surface method(SRSM) were adopted to construct the approximate design sub-problem, which was then solved by the feasible direction method. An innovative double Sframe was obtained from the optimal result. The optimum configuration of the S-frame was crushed numerically and more plastic hinges as well as shear zones were observed during the crush process. The energy absorption efficiency of the structure with the optimal configuration was improved compared to the initial configuration.
