卡车载重限值标准直接影响实际汽车荷载水平及其分布特性以及桥梁等基础设施的服役性能。为分析中小跨径桥梁的卡车载重限值问题,该文首先基于可靠度理论建立卡车载重限值分析模型;其次,基于长期记录的WIM(Weigh in Motion)数据分析我国典型公路路段卡车荷载特性并确定需要进行载重限值研究的重载卡车车型,并根据我国当前中小跨径桥梁建设现状选择对卡车载重限值起控制作用的桥梁结构类型;最后,建立结构关键截面抗弯功能函数,选择多层次目标可靠指标,对各类型卡车的载重限值进行反向迭代分析,基于分析结果分别讨论目标可靠指标、区域荷载特性对卡车载重限值的影响,以及现行公路治超标准对中小跨径桥梁车辆限载的适用性。分析结果显示:各类型卡车载重限值随着目标可靠指标的增大有明显线性下降趋势;区域卡车荷载特性的差异对卡车载重限值有着不可忽略的影响;现行国家治超标准对中小跨径桥梁车辆限载具有较好的适用性,但建议各地区根据自身实际情况在国家公路治超标准的基础上进行微调。
A wind-vehicle-bridge system can be regarded as an interaction result of wind-bridge interaction, wind-vehicle interaction and vehicle-bridge interaction, which is determined by nature wind, dynamic characteristics of vehicle and bridge structures, interrelationship between bridge and vehicle dynamic properties and so on. Firstly, based on the traffic loading investigation on the expressway bridge within 24 hours a day, all the critical parameters of traffic flow, such as the vehicle type, weight, separation space and speed are all recorded and analyzed to extract its statistical characteristics, which are used to work out random traffic flow simulation program RTF. This RTF program can be embedded with the other general FEM software. Secondly, a dynamic analysis module RTFWVB of the wind-vehicle-bridge coupling vibration under random traffic flow is presented, which can consider arbitrary number of vehicles, multi-lanes and traffic flow direction. Finally, Hangzhou Bay Bridge in China is selected as a numerical example to demonstrate dynamic interaction of the RTFWVB system. The results indicate that the traffic flow direction has just a little influence on bridge dynamic response, that the mean responses are mainly determined by the moving vehicle loads, and that the fluctuating components will increase with the increase of wind speed.
