A modal interferometer is experimentally demonstrated based on tapering a single-mode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure heated by hydrogen flame.The interference fringe begins to form when tapering length is 19.8 mm,and becomes regular and clear when the tapering length is longer and the tapered waist diameter is smaller.Annealing process is undertaken to achieve a high extension ratio of approximately 17 dB with free spectral range of 1.5 nm when the tapering length is 33 mm and the tapered waist diameter is approximately 5μm.The temperature and axial strain dependences of the tapered SMS structure are characterized,and the measured temperature and strain coefficients are +7 pm/℃and -9.536 pm/με, respectively.
We demonstrate binary phase shift keying(BPSK) modulation using a silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator with aπ-phase-shift voltage(Vπ) of-4.5 V.The single-drive push–pull traveling wave electrode has been optimized using numerical simulations with a 3 dB electro-optic bandwidth of 35 GHz.The 32 Gb/s BPSK constellation diagram is measured with an error vector magnitude of 18.9%.
A novel, compact, and highly efficient fiber-to-chip evanescent coupling structure is proposed based on a subwavelength-diameter fiber. The coupling structure is characterized by a large misalignment tolerance and easy fabrication. The dependence of coupling efficiency on various parameters is calculated and analyzed. The simulation results show that a coupling efficiency as high as 95% can be obtained within a coupling length of <4 μm.
