Based on the analysis of tropical cyclone (TC) database in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) from 1945 to 2008,we not only extract the temporal variation of TC intensity and frequency,but also give their spatial distribution both in the NWP and in the South China Sea (SCS). The results show that there is an observational increase of TC activities,which manifests as the enhancement of the power dissipation index (PDI) and the growth of TC frequency,especially for typhoons and strong typhoons. The inhomogeneous spatial distributions of TC frequency and intensity are also provided both in the NWP and in the SCS. For example,the region of Zhongsha Islands and Dongsha Islands in the SCS (15°～22°N,115°～120°E),west to the Philippine Islands is the place with frequent occurrence of strong typhoons,among which the wind speed of 7 TCs in 64 years exceeds 60 m/s.
The slender axis-symmetric submarine body moving in the vertical plane is the object of our investigation.A coupling model is developed where displacements of a solid body as a Euler beam(consisting of rigid motions and elastic deformations) and fluid pressures are employed as basic independent variables,including the interaction between hydrodynamic forces and structure dynamic forces.Firstly the hydrodynamic forces,depending on and conversely influencing body motions,are taken into account as the governing equations.The expressions of fluid pressure are derived based on the potential theory.The characteristics of fluid pressure,including its components,distribution and effect on structure dynamics,are analyzed.Then the coupling model is solved numerically by means of a finite element method(FEM).This avoids the complicacy,combining CFD(fluid) and FEM(structure),of direct numerical simulation,and allows the body with a non-strict ideal shape so as to be more suitable for practical engineering.An illustrative example is given in which the hydroelastic dynamic characteristics,natural frequencies and modes of a submarine body are analyzed and compared with experimental results.Satisfactory agreement is observed and the model presented in this paper is shown to be valid.
CHEN WeiMin 1,LI Min 2*,ZHENG ZhongQin 1 & ZHANG LiWu 1 1 Laboratory of Environmental Mechanics,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
