The symmetries and the exact solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear incompressible non-hydrostatic Boussinesq (INHB) equations, which describe atmospheric gravity waves, are studied in this paper. The calculation on symmetry shows that the equations are invariant under the Galilean transformations, the scaling transformations, and the space-time translations. Three types of symmetry reduction equations and similar solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional INHB equations are proposed. Traveling and non-traveling wave solutions of the INHB equations are demonstrated. The evolutions of the wind velocities in latitudinal, longitudinal, and vertical directions with space-time are demonstrated. The periodicity and the atmosphere viscosity are displayed in the (3+1)-dimensional INHB system.
基于NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)的FNL(Final Operational Global Analysis)资料和WRF-ARW模式,对2014年7月10—12日西南涡(SWV)暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析和数值模拟试验。研究结果表明,西南涡沿切变线东移发展和低空西南急流的增强是导致此次暴雨过程的主要原因。西南涡的移向和相对风暴螺旋度(SRH)大值区有很好对应关系,SRH大值区对西南涡暴雨过程强对流的落区有较好的指示作用。沿西南涡移动方向,其前部暖平流后部冷平流有利于其前移,沿假相当位温平流场的零等值线可指示西南涡的移向。引入湿螺旋度散度(MHD)来分析西南涡降水的水汽条件发现,模式结果计算的850hPa上MHD值分布与雨区和降雨强度对应较好,但对于降水的定量预测还需考虑MHD大值区延伸的高度。
The upper-ocean responses to Typhoon Megi(2010)are investigated using data from ARGO floats and the satellite TMI.The experiments are conducted using a three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model(POM)to assess the storm,which affected the Northwest Pacific Ocean(NWP)and the South China Sea(SCS).Results show that the upwelling and entrainment experiment together account for 93% of the SST anomalies,where typhoon-induced upwelling may cause strong ocean cooling.In addition,the anomalous SST cooling is stronger in the SCS than in the NWP.The most striking feature of the ocean response is the presence of a two-layer inertial wave in the SCS—a feature that is absent in the NWP.The near-inertial oscillations can be generated as typhoon wakes,which have maximum flow velocity in the surface mixed layer and may last for a few days,after the typhoon's passage.Along the typhoon tracks,the horizontal currents in the upper ocean show a series of alternating negative and positive anomalies emanating from the typhoon.
利用UW/CIMSS(University of Wisconsin-Madison/Cooperative Institute for MeteorologicalSatellite Studies)的AODT(Advanced Objective Dvorak Technique)资料和TRMM等卫星反演的每日海温资料,对西北太平洋2003—2005年热带气旋出眼规律及出眼条件进行了分析,包括有热带气旋成眼时的发展阶段、时间分布特征;热带气旋成眼时大尺度环境场条件(海温、垂直风切变)进行了统计研究,结果表明2003—2005年西北太平洋这40个热带气旋绝大多数(90%)在加强阶段开始出眼,只有4个热带气旋在成熟期才开始成眼;近92.5%的热带气旋发展到台风以上级别才开始出眼,也有一小部分的热带气旋在强热带风暴阶段出眼;热带气旋出眼的时间存在日变化,晚上出眼的热带气旋远少于白天出眼的热带气旋。80%的热带气旋出眼时所在位置的海表面温度在28℃以上。65%的热带气旋出眼时的垂直风切变是在6 m/s以下,只有4个热带气旋出眼时垂直风切变超过了10 m/s。综合以上结果表明只有能够发展为台风或已经发展成为台风的热带气旋才会有眼,且较高的海温和较弱的水平风场垂直切变非常有利于台风眼的形成。
