以铝合金为研究对象,提出将拉紧装夹应用到铣削加工中,以便对加工后工件表层的应力状态进行控制,改善零件的疲劳性能。本文设计了机械式单向拉紧夹具用于铣削试验。通过试验,得出了预应力、工件厚度以及加工参数等对表面残余应力的影响趋势。研究表明,拉紧条件下铣削可以实现对工件表面残余应力的控制,从而获得理想的残余压应力,对改善零件的疲劳性能极其有益。在本试验条件下,获得的工件表面残余应力均为压应力,最大可达-250 M Pa。
The integrated structure parts are widely used in aircraft. The distortion caused by residual stresses in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates during machining integrated parts is a common and serious problem. To predict and control the machining distortion, the residual stress distribution in the thick plate must be measured firstly. The modified removal method for measuring residual stress in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates is proposed and the stress-strain relation matrix is deduced by elasticity theory. The residual stress distribution in specimen of 7050T7451 plate is measured by using the method, and measurement results are analyzed and compared with data obtained by other methods. The method is effective to measure the residual stress.
