Monodisperse Fe-based and Co-based nanoparticles exhibit unique magnetic properties.They play important roles in magnetic storage and biomedical application.Their chemical synthesis and performance enhancement draw a lot of study interest.Investigations of magnetic metallic nanoparticles are very active in many scientific fields.This paper reviews the present advances in chemical synthesis,performance enhancement,and potential applications of monodisperse Fe-based and Co-based nanoparticles.