基于离散单元法,建立引入Areal Gas Distribution(AGD)技术COREX竖炉物料运动行为的DEM模型.模型计算结果与文献物理实验结果一致,证明模型的合理性.模拟结果显示,AGD竖炉内存在三种类型的流动区域:活塞流区、准停滞区及沟流区.物料运动流型呈现Flat→波浪→W的演变过程.AGD梁下方形成的三角形空隙是还原煤气导入竖炉中心的主要煤气通道.竖炉围管区域AGD梁的安装会影响该区域物料的均匀下降,局部区域的较大法向力可能导致物料的挤压黏结,诱发围管slot堵塞.
为研究COREX预还原竖炉内煤气流动特性,利用数值模拟方法研究了炉内煤气停留时间分布(RTD),考察了AGD(Areal Gas Distribution)梁对COREX预还原竖炉炉内RTD的影响以及不同熔炼率下COREX预还原竖炉的RTD变化规律.模拟结果表明,随着2#COREX预还原竖炉AGD梁的安装,其整体时间密度分布函数变宽,平均停留时间变短,无量纲方差变大.AGD梁的安装增大了炉内的死区体积分数,2#COREX预还原竖炉炉内死区体积分数达到了26.81%.随着竖炉熔炼率的增加,炉内平均停留时间逐渐减小,无量纲方差逐渐增大.当熔炼率从150 t/h增长到180 t/h时,1#COREX竖炉死区体积分数降幅为68.1%,2#COREX竖炉降幅仅为15.52%.
针对竖炉生产中存在的煤气还原势化学能未能充分利用的问题,提出3种竖炉炉顶煤气循环新工艺(top gas recycling,TGR)。基于物料平衡和热平衡建立了竖炉的静态工艺模型,对其进行了数值求解模拟和分析。结果表明,对于提出的工艺TGR1、TGR2、TGR3,煤气需求量分别减少63.77%、57.13%、55.85%,显热需求也呈现出相同趋势;但对于循环竖炉工艺而言,循环煤气重整和升温需要额外耗能,从而系统总能耗分别上升了5.68%、7.27%、17.12%,其中,TGR1流程CO2排放量最低,较传统竖炉降低15.35%,TGR2、TGR3流程CO2排放量分别上升0.16%和3.15%。
A three-dimensional steady-state mathematical model, considering the chemical reactions and transfers of momentum, heat and mass between the gas and solid phases, was developed to investigate the characteristics of the shaft furnace with the central gas distribution (CGD) device. The model was verified by the practical production data of a COREX-3000 shaft furnace, and then, it was used to study the inner characteristics of the shaft furnace with CGD. The results show that, compared with the COREX shaft furnace without CGD, the gas utilization rate (UR) and solid metallization rate (MR) increase from 33.66% to 34.18% and 60.4% to 61.8%, respectively. Especially, the standard deviation of solid MR decreases from 6.9% to 0.8%, which means that the MR of direct reduced iron from the furnace with CGD is more uniform than that without CGD. Additionally, the effects of operational conditions and CGD design on gas UR, solid MR and direct reduced iron uniformity were further discussed and the optimized conditions were suggested.
