Lead isotopic ratios of biosamples such as blood, hair and teeth are used as "fingerprints" to trace and identify sources of lead pollution in the environment. However, the reliability of this technique has not been confirmed. In previous studies, we investigated the differences in lead isotopic ratios between blood, hair, and organs from the same human body. To explore the relation-ship between isotopic ratios in environmental lead and biosamples, and to investigate the influence of exposure dose, rats were exposed to 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg body weight of lead acetate every day for 4 weeks by intragastric administration. Lead iso- topic ratios of blood, hair, liver, kidney and femur in rats, as well as that of the test substance lead acetate, were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in lead isotopic fingerprints between blood, hair, and tissues. Lead fingerprints of blood were influenced by lead exposure dose, while those of other tissues and organs were generally not. Its reliability and availability indicated that blood, but not hair, was thus a suitable biomarker for environmental lead exposure. The results of this study provide the scientific rationale for the use of lead isotopic ratios for the identification of human lead pollution sources.
采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)研究培养液中锌元素浓度变化对嗜酸乳杆菌生长及菌体内其他元素吸收状况的影响;从菌体中无机元素再平衡角度探讨锌干预影响嗜酸乳杆菌生长及元素吸收的潜在机制。以嗜酸乳杆菌为实验细菌菌种,以元素锌为实验元素,观察培养液中锌浓度变化所导致的嗜酸乳杆菌生长速度的变化。共设置7个锌元素浓度组,每组6个平行样品,锌元素浓度范围为0~1200 ng·mL^-1,每组浓度间隔200 ng·mL^-1,其中0 ng·mL^-1组即为对照组。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定培养液和嗜酸乳杆菌中的锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)等43种元素的含量;用分光光度计测定嗜酸乳杆菌的OD值,监控其生长速度。利用SPSS20.0(Statistical Package for the Social Science 20.0)统计软件对获得的实验数据进行统计分析。培养液中Zn浓度变化会引发嗜酸乳杆菌生长的刺激效应,在Zn浓度为600 ng·mL^-1时刺激效应最明显,同时导致菌体内无机元素浓度发生改变,菌体内包括Se和Fe在内的部分有益元素含量随着细菌生长速度的加快而升高,Cd等有害元素的含量则降低。相关分析显示,菌体中Se,U,Fe,Al,Ti,Sb,Ba,Mn,Co,Zn和Sr(按照2~10 h整体相关系数值由高到低排列)11种元素的含量与OD值之间具有较好的相关性,其中U,Al,Ti和Sb为负相关,其余7种元素为正相关;嗜酸乳杆菌中Se,Sr,Al,Mn,Fe,Co和Cd等14种元素含量与菌体中锌元素含量相关有统计学意义(p<0.05)。培养液中锌元素浓度变化会刺激或抑制嗜酸乳杆菌生长速度,同时,还可上调某些有益元素及下调某些有害元素元素的含量;菌体中有益与有害元素含量的再平衡或许是培养液中锌干预改变嗜酸乳杆菌生长速度的潜在机制。
