Vaporization behavior (1163-1463 K) of lead in the slag system of FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 with CaCl2 was examined. A thermodynamic estimation with the principle of Gibbs free energy minimization showed that the major vapor species from the sam-ple of the FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system+PbO+CaCl2 were metallic Pb, PbCl, PbCl2, and FeCl2, at the experimental temperature range. The experimental results show that the mole ratio of vaporized Cl in lead chlorides to vaporized Pb, simply expressed as Cl/Pb, decreases with increasing temperature. The larger Cl/Pb means a larger ratio of gaseous PbCl2, since metallic Pb and PbCl vapors are formed in a similar reduction atmosphere. The evaporation is initially rapid and becomes steady after holding for 10 min. Gaseous PbCl2 is mainly formed during the heating period, and at the holding stage, it reacts with FeO to produce gaseous FeCl2. With regard to slag composition, FeO content and basicity significantly affect the evaporation of lead. High FeO content and high basicity pro-motes the formation of metallic Pb and PbCl, whereas, it prohibits PbCl2 evaporation.
