Giant earthquakes generate rich signals that can be used to explore the characteristics of the hierarchical structure of the Earth’s interior associated with the eigenfrequencies of the Earth.We employ the spectral element method,incorporated with large-scale parallel computing technology,to investigate the characteristics of global seismic wave propagation excited by the2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake.The transversely isotropic PREM model is employed as a prototype of our numerical global Earth model.Topographic data and the effect of the oceans are taken into consideration.Wave propagation processes are simulated by solving three-dimensional elastic wave governing equations with the seismic moment tensor obtained from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor Catalog.Three-dimensional visualization of our computing results displays the nature of the global seismic wave propagation.Comparative analysis of our calculations with observations obtained from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology demonstrates the reliability and feasibility of our numerical results.We compare synthetic seismograms with incorporated and unincorporated ocean models.First results show that the oceans have obvious effects on the characteristics of seismic wave propagation.The peak displacement and peak velocity of P waves become relatively small under the effect of the ocean.However,the effect of the ocean on S-waves is complex.The displacement and velocity of S waves decrease rapidly over time using an unincorporated ocean model.Therefore,the effects of the ocean should be incorporated when undertaking quantitative earthquake hazard assessments on coastal areas.In addition,we undertake comparative analysis on the characteristics of the Earth’s oscillation excited by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman,2008 Wenchuan,and 2011Tohoku earthquakes that incorporate the effect of the Earth’s gravitational potential.A comparison of the amplitude spectra of the numerical records indicates that energy released by the three big earthquakes is differ
2011年3月11日日本东北部海域发生Mw9.0级特大地震,并诱发海啸.本文利用Centroid Moment Tensor(CMT)震源机制解作为震源项,以地震波传播理论为基础,基于横向各向同性PREM地球模型,考虑地表地形及海洋等地球特性,利用谱元法结合高性能并行计算,对日本大地震激发的地震波传播特性进行了数值模拟研究.计算结果显示了全球地震波的传播形态.将数值模拟结果与理论模型的走时曲线和实际观测数据进行拟合对比,验证了模拟结果的可靠性和可行性.分别就考虑海洋和不考虑海洋两种数值模型下的地震波传播特性进行了对比分析.结果显示,海洋的存在对地震波强地面运动存在明显的影响.海洋会使P波运动位移峰值和速度峰值相对较小;海洋对S波的影响较复杂,不考虑海洋效应时使得位移和波速随时间推移迅速减小.因此,对沿海地区的地震灾害评估应该考虑海洋效应.此外,考虑地球重力因素情况下,对数值计算得到的2004年印尼苏门答腊地震、2008年汶川地震及2011年日本福岛大地震激发的球型场和环型场特征进行对比研究,通过对功率谱密度结果的观察并与理论值的对比分析,可以清晰的看到三个大地震释放的能量有很明显的不同,同时认识到数值模拟结果可以较准确重现长周期理论频率值,主要表现在0T2～0T13的环型振型及0S7～0S31的球型振型.结果显示数值模拟方法可以成功的用于地球自由振荡研究,未来可以作为一个主要工具深入探讨地球的横向不均匀性等特性对地球自由振荡特性的影响.
