This paper investigates the wave attenuation properties of the double trapezoidal submerged breakwaters on the flat-bed by conducting physical experiments subjected to linear and cnoidal incident waves.The method of Goda's two points is used to separate the heights of incident,reflected and transmitted waves based on the experimental data.The possible factors affecting the wave attenuation properties of the double trapezoidal submerged breakwaters(i.e.,the relative submerged water depth,relative breakwater spacing,wave steepness and relative wave height) are investigated with respect to the reflection and transmission coefficients.The results show that there is a range,within which the breakwater spacing has little impact on the reflection coefficient,and the transmission coefficient tends to be a constant.The influence of the wave steepness is reduced while the breakwater spacing is too large or too small.Within the range of the relative wave height tested in this study,the reflection and transmission coefficients increase and decrease with the relative wave height,respectively.The double trapezoidal submerged breakwaters model indicates a good attenuation effect for larger wave steepness,big relative wave height and within the range of the relative breakwater spacing between 12.5 and 14 according to linear and cnoidal waves.The changes of wave energy spectra between the double submerged breakwaters on the flat-bed are investigated by the fast Fourier transform(FFT) method,showing that wave energy dissipation can be reached more effectively when the relative breakwater spacing is 12.5.
There lies a close relationship between the seabed destruction and the distribution of pore water pressure under the action of breaking wave.The experiments were carried out in a wave flume with a 1:30 sloping sandy seabed to study regular breaking wave induced pore water pressure.A wide range of measurements from the regular wave runs were reported,including time series of wave heights,pore pressures.The video records were analysed to measure the time development of the seabed form and the characteristics of the orbital motion of the sand in the wave breaking region.The pore water pressure in the breaker zone showed the time variation depending on the wave phases including wave breaking and bore propagation.The time-averaged pore water pressure was higher near the seabed surface.The peak values of pore water pressure increase significantly at the breaking point.The direction of pore water pressure difference forces in the breaker zone is of fundamental importance for a correct description of the sediment dynamics.The upwards-directed pressure differences may increase sand transport by reducing the effective weight of the sediment,thereby increasing the bed form evolution.The seabed configuration changed greatly at the wave breaking zone and a sand bar was generated remarkably.The amplitude of the pore water pressure changed with the seabed surface.The results are to improve the understanding of sand transport mechanisms and seabed responses due to breaking regular waves over a sloping sandy bed.
