A theoretical investigation of the reaction mechanisms for C-H and C-C bond activation processes in the reaction of Ni with cycloalkanes Cn H2n(n = 3~7) is carried out.For the Ni + Cn H2n(n = 3,4) reactions,the major and minor reaction channels involve C-C and C-H bond activations,respectively,whereas Ni atom prefers the attacking of C-H bond over the C-C bond in Cn H2n(n = 5~7).The results are in good agreement with the experimental study.In all cases,intermediates and transition states along the reaction paths of interest are characterized.It is found that both the C-H and C-C bond activation processes are proposed to proceed in a one-step manner via one transition state.The overall C-H and C-C bond activation processes are exothermic and involve low energy barriers,thus transition metal atom Ni is a good mediator for the activity of cycloalkanes Cn H2n(n = 3~7).
Clusters XY2Z species are theoretically investigated with density functional theory(DFT) method.The results show that for LiP2C,LiAs2Ge and KAs2C species,the C2v isomer is the most stable planar structure,while for other species the Cs isomer is the most stable planar structure at the B3LYP/6-311+G level.Wiberg Bond Index(WBI) and Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shift(NICS) values indicate the existence of delocalization in stable planar structures.A detailed Molecular Orbital(MO) analysis further reveals that planar isomers of these species have strong aromatic character,which strengthens the structural stability and makes them closely connect with the concept of aromaticity.
The molecular structures,electron affinities,vibrational frequencies and IR intensities of the SF5OX/SF5OX-(X=F,Cl,Br)species have been determined by four different density functional theory(DFT)methods(B3LYP,BHLYP,BP86,BLYP)in conjunction with DZP++ basis set.The BHLYP method predicts the best geometry parameters.The adiabatic electron affinities(EAad)predicted by the B3LYP/DZP++ method are 4.36 eV(SF5OF),4.13 eV(SF5OCl),4.12 eV(SF5OBr),respectively.Large electron affinity implies the corresponding anions are stable.The total intensities in the near IR "window" of the anions SF5OX-(X=F,Cl,Br)at B3LYP level are 1 602 km/mol(SF5OF-),1 868 km/mol(SF5OCl-)and 1 916 km/mol(SF5OBr-),respectively,larger than those of the corresponding neutrals.It suggests that SF5OX/SF5OX-(X=F,Cl,Br)may be used to "warm" Mars.
Three-membered BeXP (X = C, Si, Ge) and CYP (Y = O, S, Se) rings are theo-retically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) methods at the B3LYP/6-311+G* and B3PW91/6-311+G* levels of theory. The research results show that the size of atoms has a great influence on the structural stability of these species. The wiberg bond indexs (WBIs) suggest the existence of delocalization in these structures. Negative nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values for these species indicate that a strong ring current exists in these three-membered structures (CS symmetry). A detailed molecular orbital (MO) analysis further reveals that a delocalized π MO strengthens the structural stability and makes these species show strong aromatic characters.
Clusters Al2P2n-(n = 1―4) were theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) methods at the B3LYP/6-311+G* and B3PW91/6-311+G* levels of theory. The calculated results showed that the planar structure (D2h symmetry) of Al2P2n-(n = 1―4) species was the global minimum. And the negative nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) value of Al2P2n-(n = 1―4) species indicated the existence of a ring current in the planar structure (D2h symmetry). A detailed molecular orbital (MO) analysis revealed that the planar structures (D2h symmetry) had π aromaticity,which further exhibited the strongly aromatic character for Al2P2n-(n = 1―4) species.
XU WenGuo,ZHANG YuanChun & ZHAI Lei Institute of Chemical Physics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China
