脂代谢紊乱是心血管疾病等糖尿病并发症的公认危险因素,其早期检测是有效预防这些疾病的基础.该文使用中等剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的1型糖尿病大鼠模型,通过分析诱导后第5天和第12天的扩散加权1 H NMR谱,研究了血浆脂肪酸组成的动态变化规律.结果表明,STZ作用早期主要特异性损伤胰岛β细胞,使机体产生1型糖尿病表型.伴随病程的发展,血浆总不饱和脂肪酸与单不饱和脂肪酸含量增高,而多不饱和脂肪酸与单不饱和脂肪酸的比值降低.这些说明STZ对机体脂肪酸代谢有显著影响,且血浆不饱和脂肪酸含量很可能是比甘油三酯与脂蛋白等更为灵敏的糖尿病发生发展筛查指标.
哺乳动物体液中的钙镁离子浓度能够反映体内营养代谢的平衡与一些疾病的发生发展.尿液中钙镁离子浓度的准确测量需要不受基质影响的便捷新方法.该文使用过量乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为探针并通过1 H NMR方法测定钙镁离子与EDTA络合物的含量,建立了一种快速原位的尿液钙镁离子浓度测量方法.将此方法分别用于人、大鼠及小鼠的尿液测定,发现3类哺乳动物的尿液钙镁离子浓度存在显著的物种依赖性和较大的相同物种个体间差异.上述为生物体液中钙镁离子浓度的快速定量测量提供了便捷方法,也提供了3类哺乳动物尿液钙镁离子浓度的基础数据.
粪样代谢组能够反映宿主和肠道菌群相互作用的共代谢信息,然而粪样中糖类物质的归属信息迄今仍不完善.该研究使用1DNMR技术检测到大鼠粪样中木糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖等单糖以及由阿拉伯糖和木糖组成的寡聚糖.在使用固相萃取(SPE)方法进行分离富集的基础上,结合使用2D NMR实验技术(1 H-1 H COSY,1 H-1 H TOCSY,1 H-13 C HSQC,1 H-13 C HMBC以及DOSY)确定了这些糖类物质的结构,并对其1 H NMR和13 C NMR谱峰进行了归属.
Crab paste is a traditional and popular food for people in the coastal area of China.Visual inspection is currently the only method of quality assessment.We developed a new analytical method of a comprehensive survey of nutrients and quality assessment for crab paste based on a combination of 1 H NMR spectroscopy with multivariate data analysis.The aqueous extract of crab paste was dominated by amino acids,sugars,carboxylic acids,nucleotides and amines(including 19 first-time-reported compounds such as choline,uracil and guanosine).Two grades of crab paste had significant compositional differences in terms of amino acids,lactate,N-acetylglutamate,choline,dimethylamine,uridine,1-methylnicotinamide and 2-pyridienmethanol.These results provided important information on the grade-dependence of crab-paste composition,and demonstrated that NMR-MDA was effective not only for the comprehensive survey of nutrients,but also for quality assessment of crab paste.
