利用结构仿生的方法对 Lin MC6000型咙门加工中心横梁的筋板结构进行了优化设计。通过对王莲叶脉构型规律的分析,提出了3种仿生构型并利用 Optistruct 软件进行了有限元仿真验证。结果表明,相对于传统的平行均布筋板,最优仿生型筋板的结构比刚度提高了17.36%,前4阶固有频率平均提高7.39%,体现了材料的优化分布和最大结构效能,并总结出横梁内部筋板设计的仿生学规律。这为突破机床构件的传统设计思路、实现结构轻量化提供了一种新方法。
High load-bearing efficiency is one of the advantages of biological structures after the evolution of billions of years. Biomimicking from nature may offer the potential for lightweight design. In the viewpoint of mechanics properties, the culm of bamboo comprises of two types of cells and the number of the vascular bundles takes a gradient of distribution. A three-point bending test was carried out to measure the elastic modulus. Results show that the elastic modulus of bamboo decreases gradually from the periphery towards the centre. Based on the structural characteristics of bamboo, a bionic cylindrical structure was designed to mimic the gradient distribution of vascular bundles and parenchyma cells. The buckling resistance of the bionic structure was compared with that of a traditional shell of equal mass under axial pressure by finite element simulations. Results show that the load-bearing capacity of bionic shell is increased by 124.8%. The buckling mode of bionic structure is global buckling while that of the conventional shell is local buckling.
