Since the coneept of sustainable devetopment emerged in the late 1980s, more and more countries and regions have been utilizing sustainable development as their developing stratety. But decades have passed without any effective methods available to quantitatively assess sustainable development. Since the ecological footprint evaluation method initiated in 1992, it has become popular in quantitative assessment of sustainable development because of its convenience, easy-understanding, and rehability. As one of the biggest coastal cities in north China and the economic center of the Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin＇s gross domestic product （GDP） was 369. 762 billion yuan in 2005, accounting for 2.0°of the whole nation＇s GDP. The paper analyzes Tianjin＇s development with the ecological footprint method, and the results show that Tianjin＇s ecoiogical footprint and biocapacity in 2005 were 2.507gha/cap and 0.2 76gha/cap respectively. The ecological deficit was 2.230gha/cap.And from 1980 to 2005,Tianjin＇s ecological deficit per 10^4 yuan GDP decreased;while per capita ecological deficit has been tending to increase rapidly in recent years.All these result demonstrate that Tianjin is in a state of unsustainable development.
BACKGROUND： Highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） inhibitors have recently been approved for the treatment of colon cancer, breast cancer, urinary bladder cancer, and skin cancer. For the highly selective COX-2 celecoxib, the mechanism of action for inhibiting neuroblastoma cells is still uncertain. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of different celecoxib concentrations on proliferation and cell cycle of SH-SY-5Y cells in vitro and to reveal potential COX-2-independent mechanisms of celecoxib on SH-SY-5Y cells. DESIGN： Controlled experiment. SETTING： Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of the Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Shandong Province. MATERIALS： The study was performed at the Cerebrovascular Disease Institute of Shandong Province and the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University between September 2006 and June 2007. The SH-SY-5Y cell line was obtained from the Department of Molecular Biology, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University. Celecoxib was obtained from Pfizer Pharmaceuticals LLC, USA. Coulter DNA PREP reagent kit was purchased from Beckman Coulter, Inc. The antibodies against human CyclinD1, P21, and P16 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. METHODS： SH-SY-5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of celecoxib （10, 20, 40, and 80 la mol/L） for 48 hours and comprised the experimental groups. The same concentrations of DMSO （dimethyl sulphoxide） treatment for 48 hours served as the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Cellular morphology of cells pre-treated and post-treated with celecoxib by inverted microscopy. ② Methabenzthiazuron assay was used to measure cell proliferation. ③ Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry after incubation with different celecoxib concentrations for 48 hours. ④CyclinD1, P16, and P21 protein expression was detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS： ① Cellular morphology： The shape of SH-SY-5Y cells pre-treated with ce
The effects of water/binder ratio （w/b） on the toughness behavior, compressive strength and flexural strength of engineered cementitious composites （ECC） were investigated. The w/b ratios of 0.25, 0.31, 0.33 and 0.37 were selected and the specimens were tested at the ages of 7 d and 28 d. The experimental results showed that there was a corresponding increase in first cracking strength, modulus of rupture, compressive strength and flexural strength with the decrease of w/b. Within the w/b range of 0.25-0.37, higher w/b was found to have improved effects on deflection, strain hardening index and toughness index of ECC. In the permission of meeting the requirement of compressive strength grade, selecting higher w/b in mix design will help to obtain robust ECC.
Understanding the mechanism of complex human diseases is a major scientitic challenge. Towards this end, we developed a web-based network tool named iBIG （stands for integrative BioloGy）, which incorporates a variety of information on gene interaction and regulation. The generated network can be annotated with various types of information and visualized directly online. In addition to the gene networks based on physical and pathway interactions, networks at a functional level can also be constructed. Furthermore, a supplementary R package is provided to process microarray data and generate a list of important genes to be used as input for iBIG. To demonstrate its usefulness, we collected 54 microarrays on common human diseases including cancer, neurolog- ical disorders, infectious diseases and other common diseases. We processed the microarray data with our R package and constructed a network of functional modules perturbed in common human diseases. Networks at the functional level in combination with gene networks may provide new insight into the mechanism of human diseases, iBIG is freely available at http：//lei.big.ac.cn/ibig.
Jiya SunYuyun PanXuemei FengHuijuan ZhangYong DuanHongxing Lei
