This paper reports that Coulomb explosions taken place in the experiment of heteronuclear deuterated methane clusters ((CD 4 ) n ) in a gas jet subjected to intense femtosecond laser pulses (170 mJ, 70 fs) have led to table-top laser driven DD nuclear fusion. The clusters produced in supersonic expansion had an average size of about 5 nm in radius and the laser intensity used was 3 × 10 17 W/cm 2 .The measured maximum and average energies of deuterons produced in the laser-cluster interaction were 60 and 13.5 keV, respectively. From DD collisions of energetic deuterons, a yield of 2.5(±0.4)×10 4 fusion neutrons of 2.45 MeV per shot was realized, giving rise to a neutron production efficiency of about 1.5 × 10 5 per joule of incident laser pulse energy. Theoretical calculations were performed and a fairly good agreement of the calculated neutron yield with that obtained from the present experiment was found.
The effect of the laser spot size on the neutron yield of table-top nuclear fusion from explosions of a femtosecond intense laser pulse heated deuterium clusters is investigated by using a simplified model, in which the cluster size distribution and the energy attenuation of the laser as it propagates through the cluster jet are taken into account. It has been found that there exists a proper laser spot size for the maximum fusion neutron yield for a given laser pulse and a specific deuterium gas cluster jet. The proper spot size, which is dependent on the laser parameters and the cluster jet parameters, has been calculated and compared with the available experimental data. A reasonable agreement between the calculated results and the published experimental results is found.
We use an electrostatic model to study the average kinetic energy of ions ejected from the pure Coulomb explosions of methane clusters(CA_4)_n(light atom A=H and D).It is found that the ratio of the average kinetic energy of the ions to their initial average electrostatic potential energy is irrelevant to the cluster size.This finding implies that as long as the ratio is given,the average kinetic energies of the ions can be simply estimated from their initial average electrostatic potential energies,rather than from the time- consuming simulations.The ratios for the different charge states of carbon ions are presented.
