Mixed-metal carbonyl clusters of W2Ir2(CO)10(η5-C5H4Me)2 1 and W2Ir2(μ-L)(CO)8(η5- C5H4Me)2 (L = dppe 2, dppf 3) have been studied by TDDFT method focusing on their electronic and nonlinear optical properties. These three clusters exhibit the first static hyperpolarizabilities of medium magnitude (βtot～10×10-30 esu). The origin of β is discussed by the new proposed orbital-pair decomposition scheme by Barandes et al. The result suggests that the β values of the two clusters are mainly originated from d-d electron transition within the metal skeleton, and d-p (π) electron transition from metals to carbonyls and phenyl. The additional coordination by the electron donor group, ferrocene, makes cluster 3 own much larger β values, and the relatively longer range charge transfer from d orbitals of ferrocene to d orbirals of Ir and W is responsible for the enhanced β values.
A series of tetrahedral iridium carbonyl clusters coordinated by systematically va- ried series of ligands have been studied by TDDFT method focusing on their electronic and non- linear optical properties. The clusters of Ir4(CO)12 (1), Ir4(μ-CO)3(CO)9 (2), Ir4(μ-L)(CO)10 (L = dppm 3, dppe 4, (Ph2P)2CHMe 5, Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2 6) and Ir4(CO)10(phen) (phen = 1,10-phen- anthroline) (7) exhibit the first static hyperpolarizabilities of medium magnitude (βtot～10×10-30 esu). The second order nonlinear optical response of the seven clusters increase from 0 to 23 ×10-30 esu; the high symmetric cluster Ir4(CO)12 debases its symmetry and presents the second order nonlinear optical behavior as the coordination style of some carbonyls changes to bridge style, and then the response increases regularly with the systematical variation of the ligands. The origination of the first hyperpolarizability is discussed by the expanded orbital decomposition scheme. The results suggest the d-d electron transition from the apical iridium atom to the other three Ir atoms inside the metal skeleton, and d-π electron transitions from metals to carbonyls are responsible for the first hyperpolarizabilities. Particularly, for cluster 7, the charge transfer from d orbitals of iridium to π orbirals of phenanthroline originates the first hyperpolarizabilities.
We present a quantum-chemical analysis of the relationship between the bond length alteration (BLA) and the static first hyperpolarizability of a series of one-dimensional (1D) chromophores with donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) structures. The calculated results show that the parameter BLA can be considered as an indicator to evaluate the molecular first hyper-polarizability. Along the direction of molecular ground-state dipole moments, the evolutions of BLA can be classified into three categories: the first is a non-monotonic line, which represents most chromophores; the second is monotonic increasing; and the third, contrarily, is monotonic decreasing. On the whole, the first hyperpolarizabilities of these studied chromophores are the monotonic functions of BLA along the direction of dipole moments. Therefore, the first hyper-polarizability of these 1D chromophores can be preliminarily evaluated in terms of the deve-lopment of BLA without a rigorous computation. In other words, one can roughly estimate the relative magnitude of the first hyperpolarizability according to the optimized geometry.
The ground-state dipole moments and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) pro- perties of a series of one-dimensional (1D) chromophores with donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) structures have been investigated by using the second-order Mller-Plesset (MP2) and density functional theory (DFT) methods with the basis set of 6-31+G(d). According to the calculated results, the relationship between the molecular static first hyperpolarizability (βμ) and the directions of electron transition has been summarized. In terms of the sign of βμ, these 1D organic chromophores were classified into two categories: type I with negative βμ and type II bearing positive βμ. The analyses show that the remarkable difference of the first hyperpolarizabilities between ? and II chromophores is associated mainly with the electrostatic interaction between terminal groups and the transport electrons in excited states. Moreover, different from the popular viewpoint, the obtained results also show that most of this series of 1D D-B-A molecules are more charge-separated in the ground states than in the excited states. As a whole, this theoretical investigation, to some extent, can be considered as a useful reference in designing the NLO chromophores with large first hyperpolarizabilities.
This paper calculates the molecular structures,infrared,Raman,circular dichroism spectra and optical rotatory powers of some hydrogen-bonded supramolecular systems as a cyclic water trimer,(H2O)3 and its pyramidal halide complexes,X-(H2O)3(X = F,Cl,Br,I) with the gradient-corrected density functional theory method at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) and B3LYP/Aug-cc-pVTZ levels.It finds that the complexation of halide anions with the water trimer can efficiently modulate the chirally optical behaviors.The calculated vibrational circular dichroism spectrum illuminates that the vibrational rotational strength of S(+)-(H2O)3 mostly originates from the O-H rocking modes,whereas chirality of S(-)-X-(H2O)3(X = F,Cl,Br,I) has its important origin in the O-H stretching modes.The calculated optical rotatory power demonstrates that S(+)-(H2O)3 and S(+)-F(H2O)3 are positively chiral,whereas S(-)-X-(H2O)3(X = Cl,Br,I) are negatively chiral.With the polarizable continuum model,calculated bulk solvent effect in the solvents water and carbontetrachloride and argon shows that the positive chirality of S(+)-(H2O)3 is enhanced and the negative chirality of S(-)-X-(H2O)3(X = Cl,Br,I) and the positive chirality of S(+)-F(H2O)3 are reduced with an augmentation of the solvent dielectric constant.
In this work, we report a theoretical exploration of the responses of organic azo- benzene dendrimers. The polarizabilities, the first and second hyperpolarizabilities of the azobenzene monomers (G0), and the first, second and third generation (G1, G2 and G3, respectively) are investigated by semi-empirical methods. The calculated results show that the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of these organic dendrimers are mainly determined by the azobenzene chromospheres. Additionally, the values of β and γ increase almost in proportion to the number of chromophores. On the other hand, two types of transition metal hybrid azobenzene dendrimers (core-hybrid and branch-end hybrid according to the sites combined with transition metals) are simulated and discussed in detail in the framework of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The calculated results reveal that the NLO responses of these metal dendrimers distinctly varied as a result of altering the charge transfer transition scale and the excitation energies.
In the framework of density functional theory (DFT), the electronic excitations and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of six binuclear transition metal cluster anions with the formula of [Ch2M-(μ-Ch)2-M'CN]2-(M = Mo, W; Ch = S, Se; M' = Cu, Ag) have been systemically investigated at both cases of gas phase and DMF solution. The obtained electronic absorption spectra reveal that the element replacements of metals M and ligands Ch have significant influence on the absorptions, especially on the low-lying ones. In addition, the transitions of μ-Ch→M are dominant for the low-lying excitations, whereas the transitions of M'→M as well as Ch→M are mainly responsible for the higher excitations. The calculated molecular first and second hyper-polarizabilities present the remarkable element substitution and solvent effects. The analyses show that the transitions involving μ-Ch→M charge transfer make the critical contributions to the first hyperpolarizability β, and that the charge transfers from the moieties of MCh4 to M'CN as well as those of μ-Ch→M and M'→M are responsible for the second hyperpolarizability γ. Moreover, the introduction of solvent leads to the results that the transitions within the moieties of MCh4 and M'CN make larger contributions to the hyperpolarizability, especially to γ.
In this work, we report a theoretical exploration of the ground-state electronic struc- tures and molecular vibrational properties of a series of binuclear zirconium complexes in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) employing the B3LYP hybrid functional. The calculated results reveal that the electronic structure of the complex [(η5-C5Me5)2Zr]2(μ2,η2,η2-N2) is unfavorable for hydrogenation due to the exclusion of side-on dinitrogen in the LUMO+1 molecular orbital as compared with the reactant 1 [(η5-C5Me4H)2Zr]2(μ2,η2,η2-N2). Besides, the structural feature of the hypothetical intermediate 1?, [(η5-C5Me4H)2Zr]2(μ2,η2,η2-N2)-H2, clearly implies the possibility of further hydrogenation. In addition, the distinguishing of vibrational modes of experimental intermediate 2, [(η5-C5Me4H)2ZrH]2(μ2,η2,η2-N2H2), indicates that the asymmetric stretching of Zr–N and Zr–H leads to dissociation. Moreover, the vibrational intensity of Zr–H is stronger than that of Zr–N. Therefore, it can be predicted that excess hydrogen atmosphere is necessary to ensure the dissociation of Zr–N bonds.
