Prolonged milk provisioning and extended parental care for nutritionally independent offspring, previously considered to only co-occur in long-lived mammals (Clutton-Brock, 1991;Royle et al., 2012), were recently reported in the reproduction of the milking spider, Toxeus magnus (Chen et al. 2018). Newly hatched T. magnus spiderlings require 53 days to develop to maturity, with an average adult body length of 6.6 mm.
以拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata为研究对象,对其在室内求偶和交配行为进行了详细描述.雄蛛第1对步足水平前伸高频颤动及雄蛛触肢"划浆"式动作是其典型求偶行为.雄蛛触肢上黑白相间的毛丛在求偶中可能具重要作用.第1对步足水平前伸,同时身体平卧地面为雌蛛典型性接受行为.拟环纹豹蛛交配成功率为74.23%,完整交配一次雄蛛左右触肢器分别插入1次,基血囊膨大多次.交配前求偶潜伏时间、求偶持续时间和交配持续时间平均分别为31 s、4 min 32 s和26 min 49 s.拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛可进行多次交配,而雌蛛单次交配.雌蛛具同类相食习性,交配前和交配后雌蛛同类相食率依次为9.28%和16.18%.
As predators,the macronutrients spiders extract from their prey play important roles in their mating and reproduction.Previous studies of macronutrients on spider mating and reproduction focus on protein,the potential impact of prey lipid content on spider mating and reproduction remains largely unexplored.Here,we tested the influence of prey varying in lipid content on female mating,sexual cannibalism,reproduction,and offspring fitness in the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata.We acquired 2 groups of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that differed significantly in lipid but not protein content by supplementing cultural media with a high or low dose of sucrose on which the fruit flies were reared(HL:high lipid and LL:low lipid).Subadult(i.e.,1 molt before adult)female spiders that fed HL flies matured with significantly higher lipid content than those fed LL flies.We found that the mated females fed with HL flies significantly shortened pre-oviposition time and resulted in a significantly higher fecundity.However,there was no significant difference in female spiders varying in lipid content on other behaviors and traits,including the latency to courtship,courtship duration,mating,copulation duration,sexual cannibalism,offspring body size,and survival.Hence,our results suggest that the lipid content of prey may be a limiting factor for female reproduction,but not for other behavioral traits in the wolf spiders P.pseudoannulata.
