利用云南省2006-2007年多普勒雷达产品及冰雹灾情资料,选取冰雹直径大于5 mm的22次灾害性冰雹天气过程进行分型统计。结果表明:云南春季南支槽影响型雹灾回波水平尺度大,回波核高度高,易出现典型钩状回波、弓形回波、"V"型缺口、弱回波区、悬垂结构等典型的超级单体特征;夏季中纬度西风槽影响型和减弱的西行台风影响型雹灾水平尺度、回波形状和垂直伸展高度均不如前者典型,但易出现三体散射现象。春季南支槽影响型雹灾的联合预警指标有回波强度大于50 d Bz、回波核高于6 km、30 d Bz水平尺度大于30 km、WER大于4 km、出现典型超级单体特征、速度场出现风场辐合、气旋性辐合、逆风区等、VIL出现明显跃增(最好大于30 kg/m2)、冰雹概率大于100%、出现中尺度气旋;夏季中纬度西风槽影响型和减弱的西行台风影响型雹灾的联合预警指标有回波强度大于50 d Bz、回波核高于4 km、30 d Bz水平尺度大于20 km、速度场出现风场辐合、气旋性辐合、逆风区等、出现三体散射现象、VIL出现明显跃增(最好大于30 kg/m2)、冰雹概率大于80%、出现中尺度气旋。
Based on cloud-ground lightning data and Doppler weather radar echo products, both thecharacteristics and the relations of lightning and radar echoes for strong convective rainstorms over Yunnanare analyzed during the flood season of 2007. The results show that most rainstorms are convective in whichlightning is mostly negative and the negative lightning number accounts for more than 90% of the total.Although the correlation between precipitation and the lightning number is small on the rainstorm day, thelarge day-lightning frequency usually produces heavy precipitation. Hourly evolution of precipitation andlightning frequency shows peak-style characteristics. And their evolution is very coherent in strongrainstorm, but lightning often occurs before precipitation, whose peaks are in phase with or 1-to-2-hourlagged behind that of lightning frequency. Meanwhile the peaks of positive frequency are in phase with orfall behind that of precipitation. When the wind field is heterogeneous in radial velocity, it is conducive toboth the development of convection echoes and occurrence of lightning. Strong lightning-producingconvective rainstorms correspond to strong echo fields and usually result in reflectivity above 30 dBZ andecho top ET of more than 9 km, respectively.
