As the fastest integral equation solver to date, the multilevel fast multipole algorithm （MLFMA） has been applied successfully to solve electromagnetic scattering and radiation from 3D electrically large objects. But for very large-scale problems, the storage and CPU time required in MLFMA are still expensive. Fast 3D electromagnetic scattering and radiation solvers are introduced based on MLFMA. A brief review of MLFMA is first given. Then, four fast methods including higher-order MLFMA （HO-MLFMA）, fast far field approximation combined with adaptive ray propagation MLFMA （FAFFA-ARP-MLFMA）, local MLFMA and parallel MLFMA are introduced. Some typical numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of these fast methods.
Hu Jun Nie Zaiping Lei Lin Hu Jie Gong Xiaodong Zhao Huapeng
A novel preconditioning scheme for electromagnetic scattering solver is presented to improve the convergence of the iterative solver for the linear system resulted by the integral quations. Its kernel idea is the selection of the main contribution of the matrix elements, which affect the matrix condition number the most. We employ the important part similar to the near-field to build the preconditioning matrix. A parameter delta is given to control the balance between the computational expense to get the preconditioner and the effectiveness of the preconditioner. A practical selection of the control parameter delta of the preconditioner is discussed, which indicates the preconditioner is effective in conjunction with a BiCGstab（l） solver.
