To observe the effect of acupuncture on CXCL8 receptors(CXCR1 and CXCR2)in rat endometrium experiencing embryo implantation failure,72 pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal group(N),embryo implantation failure group(M),acupuncture treatment group(A),and progestin treatment group(W).Then the rats in each group were equally randomized into a day-6(D6)group,a day-8(D8)group,and a day-10(D10)group.The rats in group M,group A,and group W were treated with mifepristone-sesame oil solution on day 1,while the rats in group N were injected with the same amount of sesame oil.Meanwhile,"Housanli"and"Sanyinjiao"were selected for acupuncture.From day 1 to the time of death,the rats in group A were fastened up and then acupuncture was administered while the rats in group N and group M were only fixed,and the rats in group W were given progestin.The number of implanted embryos was calculated.The expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 in rat endometrium was detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and real-time PCR.Compared to group N,the average number of implanted embryos,the protein and mRNA expression of CXCR1(D6,D8 and D10),and the protein and mRNA expression of CXCR2(D8 and D10)in rat endometrium were significantly decreased in group M.Compared to group M,there was significant elevation in the average number of implanted embryos,the protein expression(D6,D8 and D10)and mRNA expression(D8)of CXCR1 in rat endometrium of group A,and the protein expression(D8 and D10)and mRNA expression(D8)of CXCR2 in rat endometrium of group W.These findings indicated that acupuncture can increase the number of implanted embryos in rats of embryo implantation failure,which may be relevant with up-regulation the expression of CXCR1and CXCR2 at maternal-fetal interface of rats with embryo implantation failure.
Interactions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with receptors VEGFR1/Flt1 and VEGFR2/Flk1, and those of angiopoietins (Ang-1, Ang-2) with receptor Tie2 play important roles in placental angiogenesis. This study investigated vascular morphology and expression of these angiogenic factors in rat placenta on the day 15, 18, 21 of gestation (D15, D18 and D21). The rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: normal group, model group [fetal growth restriction (FGR) model], and Bushen Yiqi Huoxue (BYHR) recipe treatment group (BYHR group, the pregnant rats with FGR were treated with BYHR recipe). Morphological analysis indicated that during initial villous formation, fetal nucleated erythrocytes (FNEs) appeared in maternal blood sinus (MBS). Subsequently, FNEs were surrounded by endothelial cells to form fetal capillary (FC) and then by trophoblast cells to form villi. As pregnancy proceeded, FC density increased progressively with increasing endothelial identification staining (EIS) in normal and BYHR groups. Whereas, villous formation was suppressed, normal increase in FC density was impaired and EIS was weakened in model group. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that VEGF and Flk1 mRNA increased over gestation in all groups, indicating that VEGF might play a pivotal role in FC growth during late gestation. VEGF mRNA was increased on D15, while decreased on D21 in model group as compared with normal group and BYHR group. Immunohistochemically, Ang-2 protein was highly expressed in FNEs, gradually disappeared as villi matured, and decreased over gestation in all groups, indicating that Ang-2 might play a pivotal role in villous formation, which was further supported by decreased Ang-2 mRNA and protein expression in model group on D15. Ang-1 mRNA, Tie2 mRNA and Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio increased from D15 to D18 in all groups as placenta matured. Ang-1 mRNA, Tie2 mRNA and Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio were decreased on D18 in model group as compared with normal and BYHR groups, indicating delayed maturity of FGR placenta. Alteratio
