采用非接触电磁超声技术实现高温连铸坯壳厚度测量,实时调整辊压力、冷却喷水量、压下位置和压下速度等工艺参数,避免出现中心偏析和松散问题,具有重要的工程应用价值。为了进一步提高电磁超声换能器(EMAT)在晶粒粗大和表面振痕的高温铸坯中的信噪比和空间分辨率,建立了基于Chirp信号激励的跑道线圈电磁超声检测过程的有限元模型,分析了EMAT设计参数、Chirp信号频宽和脉宽等因素对脉冲压缩后的超声回波信噪比和空间分辨率的影响,并通过实验予以验证。结果表明:经过脉冲压缩后,超声回波的SNR提高19 d B以上,波包宽度减少62. 4%以上;Chirp信号脉宽和永磁体尺寸对信噪比有显著影响,Chirp信号频宽、永磁体间距和宽度、跑道线圈导线直径及其阻抗匹配参数影响空间分辨率。
In order to analyze the possibility of detecting defects in bend pipe using low-frequency ultrasonic guided wave, the propagation of T(0,1) mode and L(0,2) mode through straight-curved-straight pipe sections was studied. FE(finite element) models of bend pipe without defects and those with defects were introduced to analyze energy distribution, mode transition and defect detection of ultrasonic guided wave. FE simulation results were validated by experiments of four different bend pipes with circumferential defects in different positions. It is shown that most energy of T(0,1) mode or L(0,2) mode focuses on extrados of bend but little passes through intrados of bend, and T(0,1) mode or L(0,2) mode is converted to other possible non-axisymmetric modes when propagating through the bend and the defect after bend respectively. Furthermore, L(0,2) mode is more sensitive to circumferential notch than T(0,1) mode. The results of this work are beneficial for practical testing of pipes.
