Objective Researchers have recently discovered that sublacustrine sedimentary exhalative mechanism associated with volcanism,is the principle way to form lacustrine exhalative rocks.These rocks differentiate themselves from normal sedimentary rocks in their
Based on a comprehensive study of texture, diagenetic behavior and evolution of dolomite in the Huanglong Formation, trace(e.g., Fe, Mn and Sr) and rare earth element(REE) geochemistry, and isotopic characteristics(e.g., C, O and Sr), four types of diagenetic fluids are identified in the Huanglong Formation dolomite reservoirs of the Eastern Sichuan Basin, China: 1): marine-derived pore waters in the marine diagenetic environment, 2) sabkha compaction brine conserved in the early shallowburied diagenetic environment, 3) strongly-oxidizing low-temperature meteoric water in the seepagesubsurface flow diagenetic environment, and 4) strongly reducing deeply seated mixed hot brine in the middle and deep burial diagenetic environment. The fluids developed hereditarily from one environment to another, which resulted in its respective characteristics. Fluid characteristics play an important role in the development of dolomite reservoirs: 1) dolomitization by marine-derived pore water in the quasisyngenetic stage did not form an effective reservoir; 2) early diagenetic burial dolomitization by the sabkha compaction brine formed the basis for reservoir development; 3) meteoric water karstification in the paleo-epidiagenetic stage expanded both the distribution and the size of the reservoirs, and improved the reservoir quality; 4) deep-burial dissolution and tectonic fracturing in the reburial diagenetic stage further improved reservoir porosity and permeability.
Based on comprehensive studies in petrography,petrofabric analysis and geochemistry,this paper describes a unique and rare laminated micritic ferruginous primary dolostone crystallized and precipitated from the alkaline hot brine under the conditions of the Mesozoic faulted lake basin.The main rock-forming mineral of this dolostone is ferruginous dolomite with a micritic structure.This dolomite mostly exhibits laminae of 0.1–1 mm thick and is often discovered with other minerals,such as albite,analcite,barite and dickite,which have at least two types of interbedded laminae.Petrogeochemistry reveals that this dolostone contains a large number of typomorphic elements of hydrothermal sedimentation,including Sb,Ba,Sr,Mn,and V.In addition,the LREE is in relatively high concentrations and possesses the typical REE distribution pattern with negative Eu anomaly.Oxygen isotope values(δ18OPDB)range from 5.89‰to 14.15‰with an average of 9.69‰.The ratio of87Sr/86Sr is between0.711648 and 0.719546,with an average of 0.714718.These data indicate that the depositional environment is a stable,blocked,anoxic low-lying hot brine pool in the bottom of deep lake controlled by basement faults.The hydrothermal fluid is the alkaline hot brine formed by the combination of the infiltration lake water and mantle-derived magmatic water,consisting of many ions,including Ca2+,Mg2+and Fe2+.Under the driving flow power of magmatic heat,gravity and compaction,the hydrothermal fluid overcame the overburden pressure and hydrostatic pressure of the lake water body,and boiled to explosion,and then the explosion shattered the original laminated micritic ferruginous primary dolostone near the vent and then formed a new type of dolostone called shattered"hydroexplosion breccias".In the low-lying,unperturbed hot brine pool,far from the vent,the laminated micritic ferruginous primary dolostone was quickly crystallized and chemicals precipitated from the hydrotherm.This study of special rocks contributes to research into the causes of the format
WEN HuaGuoZHENG RongCaiQING HaiRuoFAN MingTaoLI YanAnGONG BoShi
