以吐鲁番地区常见的3种葡萄栽培方式为研究对象,采用HOBO were气象站、EI USB 2型温湿度记录仪以及LAI-2200冠层分析仪,测定3种架式叶幕不同部位光合有效辐射(PAR)、温湿度日变化及叶面积指数(LAI),分析各部位微气候差异,以提高吐鲁番地区特殊自然条件下不同栽培架式葡萄的产量及品质,并且为选择适宜的栽培方式提供理论依据。结果表明:不同架式架面内部平均相对PAR和相对温度为小棚架Ⅰ>水平棚架>小棚架Ⅱ,相对湿度反之;同种架式之间PAR最高值出现在架梢处,架中LAI最高;架根处相对湿度最高;架梢到架根相对PAR、LAI及温度呈递减趋势;3种架式中小棚架Ⅰ架面内部结果部位微环境因子的差异相对较小,微气候环境比较稳定。
[Objective] The aim was to explore the most efficient medium for pollen germination and suitable pollen storage temperature for three different hawthorn species in Xinjiang, and to lay foundation for the development and utilization of wild hawthorn resources. [Method] A randomized block design was adopted to select the most suitable concentrations of sucrose and boric acid in the medium for pollen germination under in vitro culture. The vitality of the pollens stored at different tem- peratures for six mouths was measured once every 10 d using the optimum medi- um selected in above steps. [Result] The most efficient medium for Altai hawthorn pollen germination was 1% agar ＋ 0.05% boric acid ＋ 15% sucrose, and its germi- nation rate in this medium was 30.8%; the most suitable medium for crabapple hawthorn pollen germination was 1% agar ＋ 0.01% boric acid ＋ 15% sucrose, and its germination rate in this medium was 58.7%; and the highest germination rate of Junggar hawthorn pollen was found in the medium containing 1% agar ＋ 0.01% boric acid ＋ 20% sucrose, and the germination rate reached 67.2%. There were extremely significant differences （P〈0.01） in germination rate between these treat- ments and others in each species. The pollen vitality of Altai hawthorn, crabapple hawthorn and Junggar hawthorn were lost completely after they were stored at room temperature for 40, 60 and 70 d; at 4-5 ℃ for 90, 130, and 140 d; or at -18 ℃ for 130, 160 and 170 d. Therefore, -18 ℃ was found the most efficient storage temperature for the three hawthorn species＇ pollen among the three different stor- age temperatures. [Conclusion] A certain concentration of sucrose and boric acid can promote pollen germination of the three hawthorn species. Under different stor- age temperatures, the pollen vitality of the three hawthorn species can maintain for a longer period at -18 ℃ than at 4-5 ℃, and for the shortest period at room tem- perature.
