The experimental study of natural convection in allglass evacuated tube solar collectors is performed through the experimental platform of the solar-assisted fuel cell system.The experimental facility includes solar collectors with different length and diameter tubes, different coating materials, and with / without guide plates, respectively. Threedimensional mathematical models on natural and forced convections in the solar collectors are established and the experimental data is validated by field synergy and entransy principles. The results of natural convection show that the water temperature increases and thermal efficiency decreases gradually with the evacuated tube length. The thermal efficiency increases when absorption rates increase from 0. 95 to 1. 0 and emission rates decrease from 0. 16 to 0. 06. The thermal efficiency of solar collectors is increased after being equipped with the guide plate, which is attributed to the disappearance of the mixed flowand the enhancement of the heat transfer at the bottom of the evacuated tube. The results of forced convertion indicate that the Reynolds, Nusselt and entransy increments of the horizontal double collectors are higher than those of the vertical single collector while the entransy dissipation is lower than that of the vertical single collector. It is concluded that the solar collectors with guide plates are suitable for natural convection while the double horizontal collectors are suitable for forced convection in the thermal field of solar-assisted fuel cell systems with lowand medium temperatures.
为了发展适于螺旋管内流动沸腾传热系数关联式,基于流动沸腾传热机理,引入参数Dn数来修正复杂管道对传热系数的影响,并经过回归计算确定Dn数的指数,从而发展了螺旋管内流动沸腾传热系数关联式。进一步分析了传热系数预测值与实验值的偏差随流量、干度的变化情况。利用以R134a为介质的螺旋管传热实验数据验证了该关联式的适用性,并采用平均相对误差(the mean relative error,MRE)和均方根误差(the root mean square error,RMSE)来衡量预测结果的准确性,计算出MRE在8.23%范围内,RMSE为0.532。该平均相对误差值和均方根误差值都比较小,表明回归计算结果符合要求。因此,复杂管道引入参数Dn数建立传热系数关联式是非常适用的,并值得推广应用。
