目的:采用两样本孟德尔随机化研究探讨儿童皮质下脑结构与儿童注意缺陷多动障碍之间的因果关系,为儿童缺陷多动障碍的发病机制提供遗传学证据支持。方法:通过提取全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study, GWAS)公开数据中的儿童皮质下脑结构和儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的相关数据,以逆方差加权法为主要分析方法进行因果推断,应用一系列敏感性分析验证结果强度。结果:双侧颅内容积(IVW:OR = 0.953;95%CI: 0.924~0.983;P = 0.003)、双侧杏仁核体积 × 产后应激水平(IVW:OR = 0.948;95%CI: 0.904~0.994;P = 0.028)与ADHD呈负相关,表明与正常儿童相比,ADHD患儿患者的双侧颅内容积、双侧杏仁核体积以及产后应激水平较低。敏感性分析结果显示了孟德尔分析的可靠性。结论:双侧颅内容积、双侧杏仁核体积以及产后应激水平与ADHD的发病有潜在的因果关系,这一发现对于ADHD的前期诊断及治疗具有一定的临床意义。Objective: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was undertaken to elucidate the causal link between subcortical brain structures in children and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This research contributes genetic evidence supporting the etiological mechanisms underlying ADHD in the pediatric population. Methods: We leveraged publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to extract relevant information on subcortical brain structures in children and their association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Employing the inverse variance weighting method (IVW) as our primary analytical approach for causal inference, we further substantiated the strength of our findings through an array of sensitivity analyses. Results: After F-statistics as well as an initial significance test, a total of two child subcortical brain structure phenotypes were suggested to exhibit a causal association on ADHD, including bilateral intracranial volume (IVW:OR = 0.953
