以西北地区湿润/干旱过渡地带的渭河流域为例,采用降水距平百分率和标准化降水指数识别湿润年、正常年和干旱年,同时结合SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型的输出结果分析各典型年该流域蓝水绿水的时空分布差异。结果表明:(1)采用降水距平百分率和标准化降水指数两种方法确定1983、1997和2007年分别为湿润年、干旱年和正常年;(2)模型评价的结果表明,SWAT模型的月径流模拟的精度较高,可以准确描述渭河流域的径流变化过程;(3)在流域尺度上,绿水流的变化在湿润年、干旱年和正常年的变化相对稳定,绿水系数在湿润年、干旱年和正常年分别为82.06%、93.47%和87.72%;(4)从空间分布来看,蓝水绿水资源在渭河流域的分布呈现自东南向西北减少的趋势,绿水系数的空间分布表明在湿润年份(1983)或地区(东南部)绿水比重明显低于干旱年份(1997)或地区(北部)。
An improved Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach model （CASA model） was used to estimate the net primary productivity （NPP） of the Northeast China Transect （NECT） every month from 1982 to 2000. The spatial-temporal distribution of NPP along NECT and its response to climatic change were also analyzed. Results showed that the change tendency of NPP spatial distribution in NECT is quite similar to that of precipitation and their spatial correlation coefficient is up to 0.84 （P 〈 0.01）. The inter-annual variation of NPP in NECT is mainly affected by the change of the aestival NPP every year, which accounts for 67.6% of the inter-annual increase in NPP and their spatial correlation coefficient is 0.95 （P 〈 0.01）. The NPP in NECT is mainly cumulated between May and September, which accounts for 89.8% of the annual NPP. The NPP in summer （June to August） accounts for 65.9% of the annual NPP and is the lowest in winter. Recent climate changes have enhanced plant growth in NECT. The mean NPP increased 14.3% from 1980s to 1990s. The inter-annual linear trend of NPP is 4.6 gC·m^-2·a^-1, and the relative trend is 1.17%, which owns mainly to the increasing temperature.
