Flowering process of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright was observed,and pollen viability and stigma receptivity of tetraploidy and diploidy of D.zingiberensis were also compared.The results showed that the anther of D.zingiberensis had opened before male flower bloomed.Pollen viability of tetraploidy and diploidy was 59.7% and 74.9% respectively during flowering beginning period,and pollen viability was high in 24 h of flowering but reduced quickly after 36 h.Stigmas of tetraploidy and diploidy maintained a high receptivity in 24 h of flowering and then descended quickly,a part of stigmas of tetraploidy lost the receptivity after flowered 60 h.
采用石蜡切片法对夏蜡梅〔Sinocalycanthus chinensis(Cheng et S.Y.Chang)Cheng et S.Y.Chang〕和美国蜡梅(Calycanthus floridus L.)及属间杂种‘红运’(S.chinensis×C.floridus‘Hong Yun’)叶、茎和根的横切面解剖结构进行了比较观察。观察结果显示:夏蜡梅、美国蜡梅及杂种‘红运’的叶、茎和根的横切面解剖结构有较高的共性,但仍有明显区别。杂种‘红运’的叶片厚度、主脉维管束横截面面积和海绵组织厚度与夏蜡梅比较接近,而与美国蜡梅差异较大;杂种‘红运’叶的栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度的比值(P/S)和栅栏组织厚度与叶片厚度的比值(P/L)均介于2个亲本之间,P/S和P/L 2个指标均为美国蜡梅最高、夏蜡梅最低。杂种‘红运’茎的直径、皮层细胞层数、皮层厚度、皮层厚度与茎半径的比值、木质部厚度和维管束面积等指标的数值均大于美国蜡梅和夏蜡梅。美国蜡梅根的髓部不发达,夏蜡梅根则有明显的髓部,而杂种‘红运’根的髓部较发达;美国蜡梅根的木质部和木栓层均最厚,髓部分布的大型导管数量最多;杂种‘红运’根的皮层最发达,木质部最不发达,髓部的大型导管最少。根据营养器官的解剖结构特征与生态特性的关系推测:夏蜡梅具有不喜强光、稍耐阴的生态特性,美国蜡梅的耐热性和光合能力最强,而杂种‘红运’比其母本夏蜡梅有更好的生态适应性。
