Plant-based antimicrobial agents are readily available, cost-effective, and exhibit low toxicity, making them promising alternatives in combatting microbial infections. Among these plants, garlic (Allium sativum) stands out for its traditional medicinal use in effectively combating various microorganisms. In the poultry industry, preventing avian virus and bacterial infections is paramount for chicken husbandry. However, using conventional drugs poses potential risks to human health. Garlic, a widely used Asian plant in traditional medicine for various pathologies, has shown potential as an herbal prophylactic remedy against viral and bacterial infections. Recently, researchers explored garlic and its derivatives as a scientific strategy in veterinary practices for diverse purposes, such as improving poultry production characteristics and acting as antibiotic growth promoters. This comprehensive review delves into garlic and its derivatives as preventive and corrective treatments for viral diseases in laying hens and broilers. The paper highlights their potential effectiveness and safety as a natural means to enhance poultry health and welfare while mitigating the risks associated with conventional drug usage in the food industry.
Alejandra Meza-RiosGilberto Velazquez-JuarezInkar Castellanos-HuertaRocio Ivette Lopez-RoaLuis A. Anguiano-SevillaXochitl Hernanez-VelascoXochitl Hernanez-VelascoSaeed El-AshramEbtsam Al-OlayanBilly HargisGuillermo Tellez-IsaiasAdelaida Sara Minia Zepeda-Morales
Crops are prone to lodging with the decline of stem moisture and the intervention of other factors in the mature harvest period,such as garlic,which is difficult to harvest mechanically.To solve this problem,the plant-correcting reel for harvesting lodging garlic plants,bumped and deformed with plants many times to pull and lift them into a conveyor,is proposed in this study.We analyzed the motion trajectory equation and key influencing factors of the reel and defined the lifting and plant-correcting stages as three processes of contact,stirring and release.For example,the contact deformation model and system energy equations were established in the contact process.Besides,in the stirring process,the garlic plant-correcting conditions were established through the dynamic simulation test analysis of garlic seedling trajectories and the deflection model of garlic stem was constructed.Furthermore,in the release process,the expressions of rubber bars rotation and garlic plant offset bending curvature were constructed and the optimal number and distribution form of bars were determined.Meanwhile,the mechanism and key operating parameters of the auxiliary lifting mechanism of the divider were established.Through the single-factor test,the influence of reel speed,forward speed and reel height on the success feeding rate was analyzed under different bars distribution forms;Through multi-factor experiments,the interaction contour map of various factors was constructed.When reel speed,forward speed and reel height were 3 rad/s,3.5 m/s,and 540 mm,the feeding success rate was 98.73%.The optimization factors were tested and verified,which met the operational requirements of a high feeding success rate and low loss rate of garlic harvest.This study combines laboratory virtual as well as field experiments and analyzes of trajectory of bars,contact deformation and deflection model of garlic plant,and reel rotation and garlic plant offset bending curvature to solve the problem of garlic lodging mechanized harvest and yield reduct
Allicin, an antioxidant, is known for providing garlic with its unique fragrance and taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, contains higher levels of antioxidants than fresh garlic. Antioxidants play a vital role in alleviating cellular stress during viral infections. Viral infections result in oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). A prolonged state of oxidative stress can result in cell death, DNA damage, and disease progression. In this study, black garlic extract (BGE) is evaluated for its ability to mitigate cytopathic effects and oxidative stress caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections in vitro. Antiviral assays were performed to determine the percent of viral inhibition resulting from treatment with the BGE. ROS-GloTM H2O2 assays were then completed to measure the post-infection ROS levels of BGE-treated virus and cells. The results thus far suggest that BGE may inhibit viral infection and decrease levels of oxidative stress.